{"id":1056,"date":"2024-04-29T15:36:08","date_gmt":"2024-04-29T12:36:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/odyova.com\/haberler\/?p=1056"},"modified":"2024-04-29T15:36:08","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T12:36:08","slug":"burun-tikanikliginin-baslica-sebepleri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/odyova.com\/haberler\/burun-tikanikliginin-baslica-sebepleri\/","title":{"rendered":"Burun t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca sebepleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

Burun solunum a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.Normalde solunum, burundan yap\u0131lmal\u0131, burundan nefes al\u0131nmal\u0131 ve verilmelidir.Koku ve tat al\u0131n\u0131m\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olma yan\u0131nda, solunan havan\u0131n temizlenmesi, nemlendirilmesi ve \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131nda g\u00f6rev yapar. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 eforda, spor yaparken, ko\u015farken al\u0131nan hava yetmezse a\u011f\u0131z da solunuma kat\u0131labilir. Bir an i\u00e7in burun elle t\u0131kand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda burun solunumunun \u00f6nemi, burun solunumunun olmamas\u0131n\u0131n ya\u015fam kalitesini nas\u0131l azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Burun tam ortas\u0131ndaki bir duvarla sa\u011f ve sol olmak \u00fczere iki b\u00f6lmeye ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Burun i\u00e7i t\u00fcm\u00fcyle bo\u015f de\u011fildir. Her bir burunda 3 adet konka denilen \u00f6nden arkaya do\u011fru uzanan etler vard\u0131r. Bu etler solunan havan\u0131n kontrol edilmesi, \u0131s\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131, nemlendirilmesi, temizlenmesi g\u00f6revlerini yapar. D\u0131\u015f ortamdaki neme, \u0131s\u0131ya, kirlili\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak \u015fi\u015fen ve inen yap\u0131lard\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle geceleri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcml\u00fc olarak \u015fi\u015fer ve inerler, b\u00f6ylece bir taraf\u0131n, bir s\u00fcre dinlenmesi sa\u011flan\u0131r. Bu, normal fizyolojik bir olayd\u0131r. Bir\u00e7ok insan, bunun fark\u0131na varmaz.<\/p>\n

Burun t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, hastanelere ba\u015fvurular aras\u0131nda en s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan \u015fik\u00e2yetlerden biridir. Burun t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n pek \u00e7ok sebebi vard\u0131r. Bunlar tek ba\u015flar\u0131na burun t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapabilecekleri gibi birka\u00e7 sebep birlikte burun t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapabilir.<\/p>\n

Burun T\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Ba\u015fl\u0131ca Sebepleri<\/strong><\/p>\n

Enfeksiyonlar:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Burun \u0130\u00e7i Enfeksiyonlar\u0131-Rinitler: Mikroplar burun i\u00e7ine yerle\u015ftikten sonra, burun i\u00e7indeki dokularda \u015fi\u015flik ve ak\u0131nt\u0131 olur ve burunda t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131k geli\u015fir.<\/p>\n

Her insan y\u0131lda yakla\u015f\u0131k iki veya \u00fc\u00e7 defa nezle, grip olur. Bu say\u0131, \u00e7ocuklarda daha fazlad\u0131r, ya\u015f ilerledik\u00e7e, v\u00fccut savunmas\u0131 geli\u015ftik\u00e7e azal\u0131r. Basit so\u011fuk alg\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131, vir\u00fcs denilen mikroplar taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturulur. Vir\u00fcsler \u00e7o\u011funlukla ba\u015fka insanlarla ayn\u0131 ortamlarda bulunmakla havadan ge\u00e7er. Antibiyotikler vir\u00fcslere etki etmez, baz\u0131 vir\u00fcslere etkili ila\u00e7lar vard\u0131r ancak basit enfeksiyonlarda yan etkilerinin fazla olmas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 bu t\u00fcr ila\u00e7lar kullan\u0131lmaz. Verilen basit nezle-grip ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n amac\u0131 \u015fik\u00e2yetlerin ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131d\u0131r. Burun a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131, burun ak\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 seyreltici ila\u00e7lar kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Akut Sin\u00fczitler: Ki\u015finin direncinin zay\u0131f olmas\u0131 sonucu bakteri dedi\u011fimiz mikroplarda ilave olursa, iltihap s\u0131kl\u0131kla sin\u00fcs dedi\u011fimiz y\u00fcz kemiklerinin i\u00e7indeki bo\u015fluklar\u0131 da tutarak sin\u00fczite yol a\u00e7abilir. Burun t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve koyu burun ak\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 yan\u0131nda hangi sin\u00fcs bo\u015flu\u011funun etkilendi\u011fine g\u00f6re; yanakta, \u00fcst di\u015flerde, al\u0131nda, g\u00f6zlerin aras\u0131nda veya arkas\u0131nda a\u011fr\u0131 ve hassasiyet hissedilebilir. <\/p>\n

Kronik Sin\u00fczitler: Sin\u00fcs i\u00e7lerinde olu\u015fan iltihaplar 6-8 hafta i\u00e7inde d\u00fczelmiyorsa kronik iltihap olarak kabul edilir.Burun t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirgindir. Burun ve geniz ak\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131, y\u00fczde bas\u0131n\u00e7 hissi g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Baz\u0131 hastalarda burunda polip dedi\u011fimiz et b\u00fcy\u00fcmeleri g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Geniz ak\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 sonucu enfeksiyon,alt solunum yollar\u0131 ve akci\u011ferlere ilerleyerek kronik \u00f6ks\u00fcr\u00fck, bron\u015fit ve ast\u0131m olu\u015fturabilir.<\/p>\n

Akut iltihaplar-sin\u00fczitler genellikle antibiyotikle iyile\u015fir; kronik olanlarda operasyon gerekebilir.<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131sal Sebepler:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Septum Deviasyonu (burun kemik ve k\u0131k\u0131rdak e\u011frili\u011fi): Burun i\u00e7ini ikiye ay\u0131ran duvar\u0131n e\u011frili\u011fi, burun yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan da belli olan e\u011frili\u011fi, burundan hava ge\u00e7i\u015fini azaltabilir. Bu e\u011frilikler, \u00e7o\u011funlukla do\u011fum esnas\u0131nda ve erken \u00e7ocukluk d\u00f6neminde olan bir darbe, kaza ile ilgilidir. O anda muayenede yap\u0131lsa bir problem g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyebilir, ancak burun b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fck\u00e7e e\u011frilik ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu t\u00fcr yap\u0131sal bozukluklarda s\u0131kl\u0131kla tedavi cerrahidir. Burun i\u00e7inden yap\u0131lan operasyonlarla, k\u0131k\u0131rdak ve kemik yap\u0131daki e\u011frilikler d\u00fczeltilir.<\/p>\n

Burun Eti \u015ei\u015fli\u011fi: Ayr\u0131ca, burun i\u00e7indeki konka denilen etlerinde de\u011fi\u015fik hastal\u0131klar ve uzun s\u00fcreli \u015fi\u015fmeleri sonucu yap\u0131lar\u0131 bozulur ve burun t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, burun ak\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc etkileyerek, hastal\u0131klar\u0131n uzun s\u00fcrmesi veya s\u00fcreklilik kazanmas\u0131na sebep olabilir. Kronik sin\u00fczit olu\u015fumuna yol a\u00e7abilir. Burun etinin tedavisi cerrahidir. B\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f etler t\u00fcm al\u0131nmaz, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclt\u00fcl\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

Geniz Eti B\u00fcy\u00fcmesi: \u00c7ocuklarda s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen “geniz etleri” b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de burun t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. Geniz eti, burnun i\u00e7inde de\u011fil arkas\u0131nda geniz k\u0131sm\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Geniz eti b\u00fcy\u00fcmesinde genetik yap\u0131 yan\u0131nda alerji ve enfeksiyonlar da art\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 rol oynar Geniz eti normalden b\u00fcy\u00fckse burun arkas\u0131n\u0131 t\u0131kayarak, havayolunu kapat\u0131r. A\u011fz\u0131ndan nefes al\u0131nmas\u0131na yol a\u00e7ar. A\u011f\u0131zdan nefes almak \u00e7ocukta, horlamaya, s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 ve terli uyumaya, di\u015f \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcklerine, a\u011f\u0131z ve \u00e7ene yap\u0131s\u0131nda bozulmalara, kulak problemlerine sebep olur. Tedavi i\u00e7in geniz etinin \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n

Burunda Yabanc\u0131 Cisimler:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Buruna; nohut, bezelye, \u00e7ekirdek, oyuncak, d\u00fc\u011fme, i\u011fne vb. yabanc\u0131 cisimlerin sokulmas\u0131 \u00e7ocuklarda burun t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na yol a\u00e7an sebepler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Uzun s\u00fcren \u00f6zellikle tek tarafl\u0131, k\u00f6t\u00fc kokulu burun ak\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 oldu\u011funda akla bu t\u00fcr yabanc\u0131 cisimler gelmelidir.<\/p>\n

Yabanc\u0131 cisimler canl\u0131 ya da cans\u0131z olabilir. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck pil vs. gibi baz\u0131 kimyasal yap\u0131da yabanc\u0131 cisimler burun mukozas\u0131nda harabiyet olu\u015fturabilir.<\/p>\n

Tedavide mevcut yabanc\u0131 cisim uygun aletler kullan\u0131larak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r. Burada \u00f6nemli olan cismin arkaya genze do\u011fru ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmamas\u0131d\u0131r. Bu durum yabanc\u0131 cismin soluk borusuna ka\u00e7mas\u0131na neden olabilir. Bu nedenle kulak burun bo\u011faz uzman\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcdahale etmesi gerekir. Yabanc\u0131 cisim \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra mutlaka burun bo\u015flu\u011funda ba\u015fka yabanc\u0131 cisim olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Alerji:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Alerji, v\u00fccudun yabanc\u0131 cisimlere kar\u015f\u0131 normalden fazla reaksiyon g\u00f6stermesidir. Burun, alerjik \u015fik\u00e2yetlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 en \u00f6nemli organlardan biridir. Burun i\u00e7indeki konka dedi\u011fimiz etler alerji nedeniyle olmas\u0131 gerekenden fazla \u015fi\u015fer. Ki\u015fi, alerjik oldu\u011fu maddelerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman, burun ak\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131, burunda t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131k, hap\u015f\u0131rma, burun ka\u015f\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 gibi bir\u00e7ok rahats\u0131zl\u0131k olur. Burnu etkileyen alerjik maddeler daha \u00e7ok solunan havadaki alerjenlerdir. Bazen yiyeceklere kar\u015f\u0131 olan alerjilerde burnu ve solunum yollar\u0131n\u0131 etkileyebilir. Alerjide en etkili tedavi, alerjik olunan maddeden uzak durmakt\u0131r. Fakat bu her zaman m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir. B\u00f6yle durumlarda, antistaminik, dekonjestan, kortizon t\u00fcr\u00fc ila\u00e7 veya a\u015f\u0131 tedavisi gerekebilir.<\/p>\n

Antihistaminik ila\u00e7lar bazen uyku hissi verebilir, refleksleri azaltabilir. Dekonjestan ila\u00e7lar kullan\u0131l\u0131rken, ki\u015finin y\u00fcksek tansiyonu, g\u00f6z tansiyonu, d\u00fczensiz kalp at\u0131\u015flar\u0131, idrar yapma zorlu\u011fu olmamas\u0131na dikkat edilmelidir. V\u00fccuda zarar vermemesi i\u00e7in, kortizon s\u0131kl\u0131kla burun spreyi olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr ila\u00e7lar, hekim kontrol\u00fcnde ve dikkatle kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Alerji a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 uygun ve d\u00fczenli olarak uygulan\u0131rsa, y\u00fcksek oranda ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olurlar.<\/p>\n

Vazomotor Rinit:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Alerji ve enfeksiyon olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde baz\u0131 ki\u015filerde; hava \u0131s\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmesiyle, u\u00e7ucu gaz olarak boya, sigara, kimyasal maddeler (benzin gibi), so\u011fuk havada, hava kirlili\u011finde, parf\u00fcm etkisinde, psikolojik streslerde, yetersiz tiroid bezi fonksiyonunda, hamilelikte, baz\u0131 tansiyon ila\u00e7lar\u0131 ve burun a\u00e7\u0131c\u0131 damlalar\u0131n fazla veya uzun s\u00fcreli kullan\u0131m\u0131nda konkalardaki bozulmaya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak burun t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olur. Vazomotor rinit denilen bu hastal\u0131kta olabildi\u011fince ortamda iyile\u015fme sa\u011flanmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n erken evrelerinde, burun t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7ici ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Yani, t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa sebep olan fakt\u00f6rler d\u00fczeltilirse, durum d\u00fczelir. Hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilerledi\u011fi durumlarda damarlar\u0131n elastikiyeti bozular, varisle\u015fir. T\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131k kal\u0131c\u0131 hale gelir. \u0130la\u00e7 ve cerrahi tedavi yollar\u0131na ba\u015fvurulur.<\/p>\n

Burun t\u00fcm\u00f6rleri:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Burun i\u00e7inde olu\u015fan iyi ve k\u00f6t\u00fc huylu t\u00fcm\u00f6rler \u00f6zellikle tek tarafl\u0131 burun t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, zaman zaman kanl\u0131 olabilen burun ak\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131, y\u00fcz a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, koku alma problemleri yaparlar. \u0130lerlemi\u015f vakalarda burun ve sin\u00fcslerin kom\u015fulu\u011fundaki yap\u0131lara hastal\u0131k yay\u0131labilmektedir. \u00d6ncelikle g\u00f6ze, kafa taban\u0131 yoluyla beyin zar\u0131 ve beyin dokusuna yay\u0131l\u0131m g\u00f6sterirler. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131n\u0131n kirlili\u011fi, toz ve kimyasal maddeler hastal\u0131k olu\u015fumunda \u00f6nemli rol oynar.
T\u00fcm\u00f6r tipleri \u00e7e\u015fitlilik g\u00f6sterebilir. G\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme y\u00f6ntemlerine ( tomografi, MRI ) ba\u015fvurularak burun ve sin\u00fcsler incelenir. T\u00fcm\u00f6r d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen hastalardan biyopsi al\u0131narak patolojik inceleme ile tan\u0131 konulur. Tedavide t\u00fcm\u00f6r\u00fcn tipine g\u00f6re cerrahi, radyoterapi ve kemoterapi tercih edilir.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Burun t\u0131kan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca sebepleri Konu hakk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 ve g\u00fcncel bilgiler i\u00e7in bu makaleyi okuyun<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1057,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[183,32,176,131,57],"class_list":["post-1056","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kulak-burun-bogaz","tag-alerji","tag-burun","tag-burun-tikanikligi","tag-hava","tag-yapi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/odyova.com\/haberler\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1056","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/odyova.com\/haberler\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/odyova.com\/haberler\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/odyova.com\/haberler\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/odyova.com\/haberler\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1056"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/odyova.com\/haberler\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1056\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1059,"href":"https:\/\/odyova.com\/haberler\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1056\/revisions\/1059"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/odyova.com\/haberler\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1057"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/odyova.com\/haberler\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1056"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/odyova.com\/haberler\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1056"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/odyova.com\/haberler\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1056"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}